带来一篇Oracle 11g for linux X86的SILENT安装

但不会命令而成为高手也是不可能的.这就好比学英语,什么语法都不懂,只捧着单词手册背单词是学不会英语的,但是没有单词词汇量英语水平也提不高的。
Oracle11.1.0.6forlinuxX8664的SILENT安装
起首是反省体系硬件情形：
代码:
[root@enterprice64~]#grepMemTotal/proc/meminfo
MemTotal:8178836kB
[root@enterprice64~]#grepSwapTotal/proc/meminfo
SwapTotal:8385888kB
[root@enterprice64~]#free
totalusedfreesharedbufferscached
Mem:81788365297744288109201225124773424
-/+buffers/cache:4018087777028
Swap:838588808385888
[root@enterprice64~]#df-k/dev/shm
Filesystem1K-blocksUsedAvailableUse%Mountedon
tmpfs4089416040894160%/dev/shm
[root@enterprice64~]#df-k/tmp
Filesystem1K-blocksUsedAvailableUse%Mountedon
/dev/sda71015398842813292017405%/
[root@enterprice64~]#df-k/data
Filesystem1K-blocksUsedAvailableUse%Mountedon
/dev/sda920727506439332281926429523%/data
请求内存不小于1G，在内存小于2G，SWAP应当是内存的1.5倍，内存2到8G，
SWAP和内存不异巨细便可，内存凌驾8G，SWAP是内存的0.75倍。
因为11g关于共享内存请求变年夜，因而体系共享内存应当年夜于512*历程数，
假如共享内存不敷的话，会形成ORA-845或ORA-1078毛病。
请求一时表空间很多于200M，安装目次应年夜于4G。
上面反省体系软件情形：
代码:
[root@enterprice64~]#cat/proc/version
Linuxversion2.6.18-8.el5(mockbuild@ca-build14)
(gccversion4.1.120070105(RedHat4.1.1-52))#1
SMPTueJun523:25:19EDT2007
[root@enterprice64~]#uname-a
Linuxenterprice642.6.18-8.el5#1SMPTueJun5
23:25:19EDT2007x86_64x86_64x86_64GNU/Linux
[root@enterprice64~]#more/etc/issue
EnterpriseLinuxEnterpriseLinuxServerrelease5(Carthage)
Kernelronanm
.
对操纵体系请求：
Asianux2.0
Asianux3.0
OracleEnterpriseLinux4.0
OracleEnterpriseLinux5.0
RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.0
RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.0
SUSEEnterpriseLinux10.0
体系内核为2.6.9(Asianux2.0、OracleEnterpriseLinux
4.0、RedHatEnterpriseLinux4.0)，2.6.18
(Asianux3.0、OracleEnterpriseLinux5.0、
RedHatEnterpriseLinux5.0)，或2.6.16.21(SUSEEnterpriseLinux10.0)。
关于ES4，oracle必要一下包：
binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3(32bit)
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
gcc-4.1.1
gcc-c++-4.1.1
glibc-2.5-12
glibc-2.5-12(32bit)
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5-12(32bit)
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-0.3.106(32bit)
libaio-devel-0.3.106
libgcc-4.1.1
libgcc-4.1.1(32bit)
libstdc++-4.1.1
libstdc++-4.1.1(32bit)
libstdc++-devel4.1.1
make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.0
经由过程rpmCqa查询是不是一切必要的包都和安装，假如没有安装的经由过程
rpmCivh命令举行安装。
反省收集情形：
代码:
[root@enterprice64~]#cat/etc/nsswitch.conf|grephosts
#hosts:dbfilesnisplusnisdns
hosts:filesdns
[root@enterprice64~]#hostname
enterprice64
[root@enterprice64~]#domainname
(none)
[root@enterprice64~]#more/etc/hosts
#Donotremovethefollowingline,orvariousprograms
#thatrequirenetworkfunctionalitywillfail.
127.0.0.1enterprice64localhost.localdomainlocalhost
172.25.13.195enterprice64
创建Oracle用户和dba组：
代码:
[root@enterprice64~]#groupaddoinstall
[root@enterprice64~]#groupadddba
[root@enterprice64~]#groupaddasadmin
[root@enterprice64~]#useradd-goinstall-Gdba,asadminoracle
[root@enterprice64~]#passwdoracle
Changingpasswordforuseroracle.
NewUNIXpassword:
BADPASSWORD:itisbasedonadictionaryword
RetypenewUNIXpassword:
passwd:allauthenticationtokensupdatedsuccessfully.
[root@enterprice64~]#idnobody
uid=99(nobody)gid=99(nobody)groups=99(nobody)context=root:system_r:unconfined_t:SystemLow-SystemHigh
创建oinstall、dba和asadmin组。创立好用户后，反省nobody用户是不是存在。
不存在的话，创建该用户。
检测并修正体系的中心参数，编纂/etc/sysctl.conf文件，增加上面的设置，
保留后重启体系。注重，假如体系默许的设置比这里给出的值年夜，不要修正原有设置。
fs.file-max=512*PROCESSES
kernel.shmall=2097152
kernel.shmmax=2147483648
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.sem=25032000100128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=102465000
net.core.rmem_default=4194304
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144
设置oracle用户的情况变量和shell限定，编纂/etc/security/limits.conf，增加上面的内容：
oraclesoftnproc2047
oraclehardnproc16384
oraclesoftnofile1024
oraclehardnofile65536
编纂/etc/pam.d/login文件，增加上面的内容：
sessionrequired/lib/security/pam_limits.so
sessionrequiredpam_limits.so
编纂oracle用户目次下的.bash_rc文件，增加以下情况变量：
umask022
if[$USER="oracle"];then
if[$SHELL="/bin/ksh"];then
ulimit-p16384
ulimit-n65536
else
ulimit-u16384-n65536
fi
fi
exportTMP=/tmp
exportTMPDIR=/tmp
exportORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle
exportORACLE_SID=ora11g64
exportORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.1
最初创建安装Oracle所需的目次布局。
代码:
[root@enterprice64~]#mkdir-p/data/oracle/product/11.1
[root@enterprice64~]#chown-Roracle.oinstall/data
筹办事情做完了上面入手下手举行Silent体例的安装。
起首设置oraInst.loc文件：
代码:
[root@enterprice64~]#ls-l/etc/oraInst.loc
-rw-rw-r--1oracledba61Oct1917:25/etc/oraInst.loc
[root@enterprice64~]#more/etc/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/data/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall
确保/etc/oraInst.loc中包括下面的信息，且Oracle包括会见权限。
依据但愿安装的数据库范例选择Silent的response_file文件的相似，
好比：enterprise.rsp、standard.rsp仍是custom.rsp。
这里选择enterpise.rsp范例，
安装盘中的database/response目次下对应的response文件拷贝出来，
依据文件内里的提醒对输出值举行修正。
好比这个例子中对以下的参数举行设置：
UNIX_GROUP_NAME="oinstall"
FROM_LOCATION="/data/database/stage/products.xml"
ORACLE_BASE="/data/oracle"
ORACLE_HOME="/data/oracle/product/11.1"
ORACLE_HOME_NAME="ORADBHOME11"
SHOW_ROOTSH_CONFIRMATION=false
RESTART_SYSTEM=false
RESTART_REMOTE_SYSTEM=false
COMPONENT_LANGUAGES={"zh_CN"}
s_nameForDBAGrp="dba"
s_nameForOPERGrp="oinstall"
s_nameForASMGrp="asadmin"
n_configurationOption=3
s_ASMSYSPassword="asm"
s_ASMSYSPasswordAgain="asm"
注重，一切的字符串必要放在双引号中，注重巨细写。数字和布尔变量间接写就能够。
因为这里没有选择创建数据库而只安装软件，因而没有设置数据库相干的设置参数。
代码:
[oracle@enterprice64data]$chmod700enterprise.rsp
上面能够入手下手SILENT安装了：
注重，呼应文件必要利用相对路径。
代码:
[oracle@enterprice64database]$./runInstaller-silent-noconfig-responseFile/data/database/enterprise.rsp
StartingOracleUniversalInstaller...
CheckingTempspace:mustbegreaterthan120MB.
Actual8886MBPassed
Checkingswapspace:mustbegreaterthan150MB.
Actual8189MBPassed
PreparingtolaunchOracleUniversal
Installerfrom/tmp/OraInstall2007-10-19_06-40-04PM.
Pleasewait...[oracle@enterprice64database]$
OracleUniversalInstaller,Version11.1.0.6.0Production
Copyright(C)1999,2007,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.
Youcanfindthelogofthisinstallsessionat:
/data/oracle/oraInventory/logs/installActions2007-10-19_06-40-04PM.log
............................................................100%Done.
LoadingProductInformation
..........................................................100%Done.
StartingexecutionofPrerequisites...
TotalNoofchecks:14
PerformingcheckforCertifiedVersions
Checkingoperatingsystemrequirements...
Expectedresult:Oneofenterprise-4,enterprise-5,redhat-4,
redhat-5,SuSE-10,asianux-2,asianux-3
ActualResult:enterprise-5
Checkcomplete.Theoverallresultofthischeckis:Passed
Checkcomplete:Passed
========================================================
PerformingcheckforPackages
Checkingoperatingsystempackagerequirements...
Checkingformake-3.81;foundmake-1:3.81-1.1-x86_64.Passed
Checkingforbinutils-2.17.50.0.6;
foundbinutils-2.17.50.0.6-2.el5-x86_64.Passed
Checkingforgcc-4.1.1;foundgcc-4.1.1-52.el5-x86_64.Passed
.
.
.
Checkcomplete.Theoverallresultofthischeckis:Passed
Checkcomplete:Passed
========================================================
PerformingcheckforKernel
Checkingkernelparameters
Checkingforsemmsl=250;foundsemmsl=250.Passed
.
.
.
Checkingforwmem_max=262144;foundwmem_max=262144.Passed
Checkcomplete.Theoverallresultofthischeckis:Passed
Checkcomplete:Passed
========================================================
PerformingcheckforGLIBC
CheckingRecommendedglibcversion
Expectedresult:ATLEAST=2.5-12
ActualResult:2.5-12
Checkcomplete.Theoverallresultofthischeckis:Passed
Checkcomplete:Passed
========================================================
PerformingcheckforTotalMemory
Checkingphysicalmemoryrequirements...
Expectedresult:922MB

123下一页

看不懂man文档的人.在linux中,命令可分为系统基本命令和应用程序命令.系统基本命令是所有的unix类系统都支持的命令,走到哪都不变,只要是unix类系统上就肯定有.

网络操作命令：ifconfig、ip、ping、netstat、telnet、ftp、route、rloginrcp、finger、mail、nslookup
ActualResult:7984MB</P>Checkcomplete.Theoverallresultofthischeckis:Passed
Checkcomplete:Passed
========================================================
PerformingcheckforSwapSpace
Checkingavailableswapspacerequirements...
Expectedresult:7984MB
ActualResult:8189MB
Checkcomplete.Theoverallresultofthischeckis:Passed
Checkcomplete:Passed
========================================================
PerformingcheckforDetectIfDHCPAssignedIP
CheckingNetworkConfigurationrequirements...
Checkcomplete.Theoverallresultofthischeckis:Notexecuted<<<<
Checkcomplete:Notexecuted<<<<
Recommendation:Oraclesupportsinstallationsonsystemswith
DHCP-assignedpublicIPaddresses.However,theprimary
networkinterfaceonthesystemshouldbeconfiguredwith
astaticIPaddressinorderfortheOracleSoftwareto
functionproperly.SeetheInstallationGuideformore
detailsoninstallingthesoftwareonsystemsconfiguredwithDHCP.
========================================================
PerformingcheckforCheckPathForOtherOracleHomes
CheckingPATHenvironmentvariable...
Checkcomplete.Theoverallresultofthischeckis:Passed
Checkcomplete:Passed
========================================================
PerformingcheckforCheckTempDiskSpace
CheckingforsufficientdiskspaceinTEMPlocation...
Checkcomplete.Theoverallresultofthischeckis:Passed
Checkcomplete:Passed
========================================================
PerformingcheckforCheckLdLibraryPath
CheckingLD_LIBRARY_PATHenvironmentvariable...
Checkcomplete.Theoverallresultofthischeckis:Passed
Checkcomplete:Passed
========================================================
PerformingcheckforOracleBase
ValidatingORACLE_BASElocation(ifset)...
Checkcomplete.Theoverallresultofthischeckis:Passed
Checkcomplete:Passed
========================================================
PerformingcheckforOracleHomeSpace
CheckingOracleHomepathforspaces...
Checkcomplete.Theoverallresultofthischeckis:Passed
Checkcomplete:Passed
========================================================
PerformingcheckforDetectAnyInvalidASMHome
Checkingforpropersystemclean-up....
Checkcomplete.Theoverallresultofthischeckis:Passed
Checkcomplete:Passed
========================================================
PerformingcheckforCompatibilityChecks_DB
CheckingforOracleHomeincompatibilities....
ActualResult:NEW_HOME
Checkcomplete.Theoverallresultofthischeckis:Passed
Checkcomplete:Passed
========================================================
PrereqCheckscomplete
Analyzingdependencies
.....................................................100%Done.
--------------------------------------------------------------
Summary
GlobalSettings
Source:/data/database/stage/products.xml
OracleBase:/data/oracle
OracleHome:/data/oracle/product/11.1(ORADBHOME11)
InstallationType:EnterpriseEdition
ProductLanguages
SimplifiedChinese
English
SpaceRequirements
/Required226MB(onlyastemporaryspace):Available8.56GB
/data/Required3.63GB:Available181.86GB
NewInstallations(126products)
OracleDatabase11g11.1.0.6.0
EnterpriseEditionOptions11.1.0.6.0
OraclePartitioning11.1.0.6.0
.
.
.
OracleUniversalInstaller11.1.0.6.0
OracleOne-OffPatchInstaller11.1.0.6.0
InstallerSDKComponent11.1.0.6.0
SunJDK1.5.0.11.0
----------------------------------------------------------
Installationinprogress(FriOct1918:40:20CST2007)
...............................................................6%Done.
...............................................................12%Done.
...............................................................19%Done.
...............................................................25%Done.
...............................................................31%Done.
...............................................................38%Done.
...............................................................44%Done.
...............................................................50%Done.
...............................................................57%Done.
...............................................................63%Done.
...............................................................69%Done.
...............................................................76%Done.
.................................................81%Done.
Installsuccessful
Linkinginprogress(FriOct1918:42:27CST2007)
..81%Done.
Linksuccessful
Setupinprogress(FriOct1918:43:33CST2007)
...................................100%Done.
Setupsuccessful
Endofinstallphases.(FriOct1918:43:36CST2007)
WARNING:
Thefollowingconfigurationscriptsneedtobeexecutedasthe"root"user.
#!/bin/sh
#Rootscripttorun
/data/oracle/product/11.1/root.sh
Toexecutetheconfigurationscripts:
1.Openaterminalwindow
2.Loginas"root"
3.Runthescripts
TheinstallationofOracleDatabase11gwassuccessful.
Pleasecheck/data/oracle/oraInventory/logs/
silentInstall2007-10-19_06-40-04PM.logformoredetails.
最初利用root实行一下$ORACLE_HOME/root.sh剧本就能够了。
不外这里Oracle存在一个bug，在root.sh剧本中，主动将OUI_SILENT参数设置为TRUE，
尔后的反省中，假如发明这个值为TRUE，那末这个剧本运转会主动加入了。
这里必要手工将其修正为FALSE，然后利用root实行：
代码:
[root@enterprice6411.1]#./root.sh
RunningOracle11groot.shscript...
Thefollowingenvironmentvariablesaresetas:
ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/data/oracle/product/11.1
Enterthefullpathnameofthelocalbindirectory:[/usr/local/bin]:
Thefile"dbhome"alreadyexistsin/usr/local/bin.Overwriteit?(y/n)
[n]:y
Copyingdbhometo/usr/local/bin...
Thefile"oraenv"alreadyexistsin/usr/local/bin.Overwriteit?(y/n)
[n]:y
Copyingoraenvto/usr/local/bin...
Thefile"coraenv"alreadyexistsin/usr/local/bin.Overwriteit?(y/n)
[n]:y
Copyingcoraenvto/usr/local/bin...
Entrieswillbeaddedtothe/etc/oratabfileasneededby
DatabaseConfigurationAssistantwhenadatabaseiscreated
Finishedrunninggenericpartofroot.shscript.
Nowproduct-specificrootactionswillbeperformed.
Finishedproduct-specificrootactions.
关于root.sh的实行不要利用.root.sh的体例，这类体例大概形成剧本堕入逝世轮回。
至此，数据库软件的安装已完成，假如体系启动了SELINUX，那末这里还必要处置一个bug：
使用root改动SELINUX的设置：
代码:
[root@enterprice64~]#setenforce0
至此，Oracle软件已安装终了：
代码:
[oracle@enterprice64~]$sqlplus"/assysdba"
SQL*Plus:Release11.1.0.6.0-ProductiononMonOct2214:07:282007
Copyright(c)1982,2007,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.
Connectedtoanidleinstance.
SQL>
下面先容了怎样在SILENT体例下安装11.1.0.6：http://yangtingkun.itpub.net/post/468/407375
这篇持续先容SILENT形式下的数据库创建历程。
经由过程SILENT形式安装数据库以后，上面持续利用SILENT形式举行数据库的创建，仍旧是拷贝安装目次下的/database/reponse/dbca.rsp到安装目次，并举行编译，依据数据库创建体例的分歧编纂分歧的数据库库选项。
好比在本次安装过程当中设置了以下参数：
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.1.0"
OPERATION_TYPE="createDatabase"
GDBNAME="ora11g64.us.oracle.com"
SID="ora11g64"
TEMPLATENAME="New_Database.dbt"
SYSPASSWORD="test"
SYSTEMPASSWORD="test"
SYSMANPASSWORD="test"
DBSNMPPASSWORD="test"
DATAFILEDESTINATION="/data/oracle/oradata/ora11g64"
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION="/data/oracle/flash_recovery_area"
CHARACTERSET="ZHS16GBK"
TOTALMEMORY="6000"
TEMPLATENAME="ora11g64"
GDBNAME="ora11g64.us.oracle.com"
SCRIPTDESTINATION="/data/oracle/admin/ora11g64/scripts"
个中最初三项不是必需的，这个的目标是在创建数据库的同时天生剧本。
上面就能够入手下手SILENT形式的数据库创立了：
代码:
[oracle@enterprice64database]$dbca-silent-responseFile/data/database/dbca.rsp
CreatingandstartingOracleinstance
1%complete
3%complete
Creatingdatabasefiles
6%complete
Creatingdatadictionaryviews
7%complete
8%complete
9%complete
10%complete
11%complete
12%complete
14%complete
16%complete
17%complete
18%complete
AddingOracleJVM
23%complete
28%complete
33%complete
35%complete
AddingOracleText
36%complete
37%complete
38%complete
AddingOracleXMLDB
40%complete
41%complete
42%complete
45%complete
AddingOracleMultimedia
46%complete
47%complete
56%complete
AddingOracleOLAP
57

上一页123下一页

学习linux，就意味着更快的开发效率，等更多关于软件本身或者说操作系统本身的理解。

系统安全相关命令：passwd、su、umask、chgrp、chmod、chown、chattr、sudo、pswho
%complete</P>58%complete
59%complete
AddingOracleSpatial
60%complete
61%complete
62%complete
63%complete
66%complete
AddingOracleUltraSearch
67%complete
73%complete
AddingEnterpriseManagerRepository
75%complete
76%complete
AddingOracleApplicationExpress
80%complete
83%complete
AddingOracleWarehouseBuilder
87%complete
90%complete
CompletingDatabaseCreation
91%complete
92%complete
93%complete
94%complete
97%complete
100%complete
Lookatthelogfile"/data/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/ora11g64/ora11g64.log"forfurtherdetails.
数据库创建完成：
代码:
[oracle@enterprice64database]$sqlplus"/assysdba"
SQL*Plus:Release11.1.0.6.0-ProductiononMonOct2217:28:022007
Copyright(c)1982,2007,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.
Connectedto:
OracleDatabase11gEnterpriseEditionRelease11.1.0.6.0-64bitProduction
WiththePartitioning,OLAP,DataMiningandRealApplicationTestingoptions
SQL>select*fromv$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
OracleDatabase11gEnterpriseEditionRelease11.1.0.6.0-64bitProduction
PL/SQLRelease11.1.0.6.0-Production
CORE11.1.0.6.0Production
TNSforLinux:Version11.1.0.6.0-Production
NLSRTLVersion11.1.0.6.0-Production
最初能够使用netca来SILENT体例设置收集部分，一样的办法设置netca.rsp：
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="11.1"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
SHOW_GUI=false
LOG_FILE=""/data/oracle/product/11.1/network/tools/log/netca.log""
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
设置的参数包含下面的部分，然后就能够利用netca启动silent设置：
代码:
[oracle@enterprice64database]$netca/silent/responseFile/data/database/netca.rsp
MonOct2218:26:40CST2007OracleNetConfigurationAssistant
Parsingcommandlinearguments:
Parameter"silent"=true
Parameter"responsefile"=/data/database/netca.rsp
Parameter"log"=/data/oracle/product/11.1/network/tools/log/netca.log
Doneparsingcommandlinearguments.
OracleNetServicesConfiguration:
Profileconfigurationcomplete.
Listenerstartedatport:1521
OracleNetListenerStartup:
RunningListenerControl:
/data/oracle/product/11.1/bin/lsnrctlstartLISTENER
ListenerControlcomplete.
Listenerstartedsuccessfully.
Listenerconfigurationcomplete.
OracleNetServicesconfigurationsuccessful.Theexitcodeis0
[oracle@enterprice64database]$lsnrctlstatus
LSNRCTLforLinux:Version11.1.0.6.0-Productionon22-OCT-200718:31:20
Copyright(c)1991,2007,Oracle.Allrightsreserved.
Connectingto(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
STATUSoftheLISTENER
------------------------
AliasLISTENER
VersionTNSLSNRforLinux:Version11.1.0.6.0-Production
StartDate22-OCT-200718:26:40
Uptime0days0hr.4min.39sec
TraceLeveloff
SecurityON:LocalOSAuthentication
SNMPOFF
ListenerParameterFile/data/oracle/product/11.1/network/admin/listener.ora
ListenerLogFile/data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/enterprice64/listener/alert/log.xml
ListeningEndpointsSummary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=enterprice64)(PORT=1521)))
ServicesSummary...
Service"ora11g64.us.oracle.com"has1instance(s).
Instance"ora11g64",statusREADY,has1handler(s)forthisservice...
Service"ora11g64XDB.us.oracle.com"has1instance(s).
Instance"ora11g64",statusREADY,has1handler(s)forthisservice...
Service"ora11g64_XPT.us.oracle.com"has1instance(s).
Instance"ora11g64",statusREADY,has1handler(s)forthisservice...
Thecommandcompletedsuccessfully
至此，SILENT安装体例完成

</p>

上一页123

给你装的系统里为ubuntu12.04，它已经封装的很臃肿了，但是考虑到你没有很多时间投入其中，所以给你装了它，但是怎么用它提高开发效率，需要你在学习的过程中不断总结；

虽然大家都比较喜欢漂亮的mm，但是在学 linux 的过程中，还是要多和“男人”接触一下：P 遇到问题的时候，出来看说和上网查之外，就是要多用 linux 下的 man 命令找找帮助。

下面笔者在论坛看到的一个好问题： “安装红旗4.0后，系统紫光输入法自带的双拼方案和我的习惯不一样，如何自定义双拼方案解决?谢谢？”这个问题很简练。

如果你想深入学习Linux,看不懂因为文档实在是太难了。写的最好的、最全面的文档都是英语写的,最先发布的技术信息也都是用英语写的。

其实老师让写心得我也没怎么找资料应付，自己想到什么就写些什么，所以不免有些凌乱；很少提到编程，因为那些在实验报告里已经说了，这里再写就多余了。

Linux只是个内核!这点很重要，你必须理解这一点。只有一个内核是不能构成一个操作系统的。

众所周知，目前windows操作系统是主流，在以后相当长的时间内不会有太大的改变，其方便友好的图形界面吸引了众多的用户。

了解Linux的网络安全，系统的安全，用户的安全等。安全对于每位用户，管理员来说是非常重要的。

学习Linux，应该怎样学，主要学些什么，一位Linux热心学习者，一段学习Linux的风云经验，历时十二个小时的思考总结，近十位网络Linux学习者权威肯定，为您学习Linux指明方向。