ASP网站制作之ADO+办理器功能
由于ASP提供的是一对多的服务，所以用户的一些特殊需求很难得到满足。Inthepast,dataaccesswasdoneusingatwo-tiered,connectedmodel.Withtheincreaseddevelopmentofmulti-tieredapplications,theneedforadisconnectedmodelhasarisen.TheADO+managedprovidersgive
usthismodel.
ManagedprovidersareresponsibleforcreatingconnectionsbetweenDataSetobjectsanddatasourceslike
relationaldatabasesorXMLdocuments.Therearethreemainlevelstothemanagedproviderimplementation:
Connections,CommandsandParametersareresponsibleforcommunicationbetweenDataSetsanddatasources.
TheDataSetCommandactuallyretrievesthedataandprovidescolumnandtablemappings.
TheDataReaderprovideshigh-speed,forwardonlyaccesstodata.Underthecovers,theDataStreamobject
providesthedirectconnectiontothedatasource.
Lowerlevelobjectsconnecttothespecificdatasourcesandprovidethesystemspecificcommands.
AtthecenteroftheADO+modelaretheConnection,CommandandDataSetobjects.InthisarticleImgoing
tofocusontheConnectionandCommandobjects.YoucanreadmoreabouttheDataSetinmyprevious
article"ADO+DataSets,RecordsetsonSteroids?"
TwoWaystoConnect
Whytwomanagedproviders?MicrosofthasgivenusoneproviderforconnectingdirectlytoaSQLServer
databaseandoneforaccessingdataviaanOLEDBlayer.ThetwoConnectionobjectswithwhichtoconnect
todatastoresare:TheSQLConnectionforconnectingtoMicrosoftSQLServerandtheADOConnectionfor
connectingviaanOLEDBprovider.TheSQLmanagedprovidercanbeusedifyouincludetheSystem.Data.SQL
namespace.TousetheADOmanagedprovider,includetheSystem.Data.ADOnamespace.Aconnectioncanbe
establishedthefollowingtwoways(inC#):
SQL
StringsConnectionString="server=localhost;uid=sa;pwd=;database=pubs";
SQLConnectioncon=newSQLConnection(sConnectionString);
con.Open();
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ADO
StringsConnectionString="Provider=SQLOLEDB.1;
DataSource=localhost;
uid=sa;pwd=;InitialCatalog=pubs";
ADOConnectioncon=newADOConnection(sConnectionString);
con.Open();
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Thesetwomethodsofopeningaconnectiontoadatasourcelookremarkablysimilar,butletstakea
closerlook.TheconnectionstringfortheADOmanagedprovidershouldlookveryfamiliartoanyonewho
hasusedADO(itsidentical).TheSQLConnectionsupportsamultitudeofconnectionstringkeywords,but
themostcommononesareserver,uid,pwdanddatabase.Thefirstandlastareobvious.Thekeywordsuid
andpwdarejustshortenedversionsofthedatabaseuseridandpassword.
ExecuteAStatement
Inordertogetdatafromourdatasource,weneedtoexecutecommandsagainstthatdatasource.The
easiestwaytodothisisthrougheithertheADOorSQLCommandobjects.Likethis:
SQL
SQLCommandcmd=newSQLCommand(("SELECT*FROMAuthors",con);
SQLDataReaderdr=newSQLDataReader();
cmd.Execute(outdr);
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ADO
ADOCommandcmd=newADOCommand("SELECT*FROMAuthors",con);
ADODataReaderdr=newADODataReader();
cmd.Execute(outdr);
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Inordertogettothedata,weneedtoexecutethecommandandputthedataintoauseableobjectlike
theDataReader.ForamorecompletediscussionoftheDataReaderobjects,checkoutmyfirstarticleabout
dataaccesswiththeADO+DataReaderobject.
UsingStoredProcedures
Ok,sohowaboutsomethingalittlemorerealworld.Mostofususestoredprocedurestoaccessdatafrom
adatabase.Additionally,mostofthetimeweneedtopassparameterstothesestoredprocedures.Inthe
exampleabove,wegetbackalistofauthors.Letsassumewewanttoseeinformationaboutaspecific
author,weneedtodoacoupleofthings.Firstweneedtowriteasimplestoredprocedurethattakesone
parameter,anauthorid.Nextweneedtospecifyweareusingastoredprocedureandaddparameterstothe
parameterscollectionbeforeexecutingthecommand.Thestepsforbothprovidersareasfollows:
Createaparameter,specifyingtheparametername(ASITAPPEARSINTHESTOREDPROCEDURE),thedatatype
andthesizeoftheparameter.
Givetheparameteravalue
Addthenewparametertothecommandobjectsparameterscollection
Executethecommandasbefore.
SQL
SQLCommandcmd=newSQLCommand("spGetAuthorByID",con);
cmd.CommandType=CommandType.StoredProcedure;
SQLParameterprmID=newSQLParameter("@AuthID",
SQLDataType.VarChar,11);
prmID.Value="111-11-1111"
cmd.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(prmID);
SQLDataReaderdr;
cmd.Execute(outdr);
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ADO
ADOCommandcmd=newADOCommand("spGetAuthorByID",con);
cmd.CommandType=CommandType.StoredProcedure;
ADOParameterprmID=newADOParameter("AuthID",
ADODataType.VarChar,11);
prmID.Value="111-11-1111";
cmd.SelectCommand.Parameters.Add(prmID);
ADODataReaderdr;
cmd.Execute(outdr);
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WhatsLeft?
Sowhatisleft?Plenty.EachoftheobjectsIhavediscussedherecouldbeelaboratedonfurther.Forthe
sakeofbrevity,IvetriedtostickwithwhatIthinkwillbeafairlytypicaluseofthemanaged
providers.Iveshownhowtomakeaconnectiontoadatasource,usecommandobjectsandspecifyasimple
parameter.Inmynextarticle,IwillbediscussingdatabindingandIwillalsoincludeadownloadable
workingexample!
因为现在数据库都使用标准的SQL语言对数据库进行管理，所以如果是标准SQL语言，两者基本上都可以通用的。SQLServer还有更多的扩展，可以用存储过程，数据库大小无极限限制。 学习ASP其实应该上升到如何学习程序设计这种境界，其实学习程序设计又是接受一种编程思想。比如ASP如何学习，你也许在以前的学习中碰到过。以下我仔细给你说几点: ASP.Net和ASP的最大区别在于编程思维的转换，而不仅仅在于功能的增强。ASP使用VBS/JS这样的脚本语言混合html来编程，而那些脚本语言属于弱类型、面向结构的编程语言，而非面向对象，这就明显产生以下几个问题： 兴趣爱好，那么你无须学编程，申请一个域名和空间，在网上下载一些免费开源的CMS系统，你不用改代码，只须熟悉它们的后台操作，像office一样简单方便，很快就能建一个站点，很多站长都是这样做的 我们必须明确一个大方向，不要只是停留在因为学而去学,我们应有方向应有目标. 哪些内置对象是可以跳过的，或者哪些属性和方法是用不到的? 接下来就不能纸上谈兵了，最好的方法其实是实践。实践，只能算是让你掌握语言特性用的。而提倡做实际的Project也不是太好，因为你还没有熟练的能力去综合各种技术，这样只能使你自己越来越迷糊。 交流是必要的，不管是生活还是学习我们都要试着去交流，通过交流我们可以学到很多我们自己本身所没有的知识，可以分享别人的经验甚至经历。
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